lightning-getroute -- Command for routing a payment (low-level)

SYNOPSIS

getroute id amount_msat riskfactor [cltv] [fromid] [fuzzpercent] [exclude] [maxhops]

DESCRIPTION

The getroute RPC command attempts to find the best route for the payment of amount_msat to lightning node id, such that the payment will arrive at id with cltv.

There are two considerations for how good a route is: how low the fees are, and how long your payment will get stuck in a delayed output if a node goes down during the process. .

id (pubkey): Node pubkey to find the best route for the payment.
amount_msat (msat): Amount to send. It can be a whole number, or a whole number ending in msat or sat, or a number with three decimal places ending in sat, or a number with 1 to 11 decimal places ending in btc. The 0 value is special: it ignores any htlc_minimum_msat setting on channels, and simply returns a possible route (if any) which is useful for simple probing.
riskfactor (u64): A non-negative floating-point field controls this tradeoff; it is the annual cost of your funds being stuck (as a percentage). For example, if you thought the convenience of keeping your funds liquid (not stuck) was worth 20% per annum interest, riskfactor would be 20. If you didn't care about risk, riskfactor would be zero.
cltv (u32, optional): Cltv-blocks to spare. The default is 9.
fromid (pubkey, optional): The node to start the route from. The default is this node.
fuzzpercent (u32, optional): Used to distort fees to provide some randomization to the route generated, but it was not properly implemented and is ignored.
exclude (array of strings, optional): A JSON array of short-channel-id/direction (e.g. ['564334x877x1/0', '564195x1292x0/1' ]) or node-id which should be excluded from consideration for routing. Note if the source or destination is excluded, the command result is undefined. The default is not to exclude any channels or nodes.:
- (string, optional)
maxhops (u32, optional): The maximum number of channels to return. The default is 20.

RISKFACTOR EFFECT ON ROUTING

The risk factor is treated as if it were an additional fee on the route, for the purposes of comparing routes.

The formula used is the following approximation:

risk-fee = amount x blocks-timeout x per-block-cost

We are given a riskfactor expressed as a percentage. There are 52596 blocks per year, thus per-block-cost is riskfactor divided by 5,259,600.

The final result is:

risk-fee = amount x blocks-timeout x riskfactor / 5259600

Here are the risk fees in millisatoshis, using various parameters. I assume a channel charges the default of 1000 millisatoshis plus 1 part-per-million. Common to_self_delay values on the network at 14 and 144 blocks.

Amount (msat)	Riskfactor	Delay	Risk Fee	Route fee
10,000	1	14	0	1001
10,000	10	14	0	1001
10,000	100	14	2	1001
10,000	1000	14	26	1001
1,000,000	1	14	2	1001
1,000,000	10	14	26	1001
1,000,000	100	14	266	1001
1,000,000	1000	14	2661	1001
100,000,000	1	14	266	1100
100,000,000	10	14	2661	1100
100,000,000	100	14	26617	1100
100,000,000	1000	14	266179	1100
10,000	1	144	0	1001
10,000	10	144	2	1001
10,000	100	144	27	1001
10,000	1000	144	273	1001
1,000,000	1	144	27	1001
1,000,000	10	144	273	1001
1,000,000	100	144	2737	1001
1,000,000	1000	144	27378	1001
100,000,000	1	144	2737	1100
100,000,000	10	144	27378	1100
100,000,000	100	144	273785	1100
100,000,000	1000	144	2737850	1100

RECOMMENDED RISKFACTOR VALUES

The default fuzz factor is 5%, so as you can see from the table above, that tends to overwhelm the effect of riskfactor less than about 5.

1 is a conservative value for a stable lightning network with very few failures.

1000 is an aggressive value for trying to minimize timeouts at all costs.

The default for lightning-pay(7) is 10, which starts to become a major factor for larger amounts, and is basically ignored for tiny ones.

RETURN VALUE

On success, an object containing route is returned. It is an array of objects, where each object contains:

id (pubkey): The node at the end of this hop.
channel (short_channel_id): The channel joining these nodes.
direction (u32): 0 if this channel is traversed from lesser to greater id, otherwise 1.
amount_msat (msat): The amount expected by the node at the end of this hop.
delay (u32): The total CLTV expected by the node at the end of this hop.
style (string) (always "tlv"): The features understood by the destination node.

The final id will be the destination id given in the input. The difference between the first amount_msat minus the amount_msat given in the input is the fee (assuming the first hop is free). The first delay is the very worst case timeout for the payment failure, in blocks.

AUTHOR

Rusty Russell <[email protected]> is mainly responsible.

RESOURCES

Main web site: https://github.com/ElementsProject/lightning

EXAMPLES

Example 1:

Request:

lightning-cli getroute -k "id"="035d2b1192dfba134e10e540875d366ebc8bc353d5aa766b80c090b39c3a5d885d" "amount_msat"=10000 "riskfactor"=1

{
  "id": "example:getroute#1",
  "method": "getroute",
  "params": {
    "id": "035d2b1192dfba134e10e540875d366ebc8bc353d5aa766b80c090b39c3a5d885d",
    "amount_msat": 10000,
    "riskfactor": 1
  }
}

Response:

{
  "route": [
    {
      "id": "022d223620a359a47ff7f7ac447c85c46c923da53389221a0054c11c1e3ca31d59",
      "channel": "109x1x1",
      "direction": 1,
      "amount_msat": 10001,
      "delay": 15,
      "style": "tlv"
    },
    {
      "id": "035d2b1192dfba134e10e540875d366ebc8bc353d5aa766b80c090b39c3a5d885d",
      "channel": "111x1x0",
      "direction": 0,
      "amount_msat": 10000,
      "delay": 9,
      "style": "tlv"
    }
  ]
}

Example 2: